Author: Brett Israel

  • Big dog

    Big dog

    Vanderbilt MBA graduates are helping lead Rover on a path of quick growth, but it’s not always easy to keep up

    (Left to right) Rover Vice President Megan Teepe, MBA’11, Chief Operating Officer Brent Turner, MBA’99 and summer intern Sarah Eaton. Photo Credit: Brett Israel

    When you walk into Rover’s office in Seattle’s Belltown neighborhood, the first friendly face to greet you belongs to Dublin. She’s a 6-year-old Chiweenie (part Chihuahua, part Dachshund), whose owner smiles from behind the reception desk in the lobby. It’s a nice welcome to one of the hottest companies in tech.

    Rover, whose business involves matching dog sitters, walkers and caregivers with dog owners, might seem a little canine-crazy to outsiders; a lap around the office reveals about a dozen dogs of various breeds displaying various levels of enthusiasm for office life. Yet, the office is quieter than you’d think it would be for a space filled with dogs. There’s little barking or roughhousing. For the most part, dogs lie on pillows near their owners’ workspaces. The humans, for their part, are focused on computer screens, perfecting Rover’s code or resolving issues between sitters and owners.

    Rover has pioneered the on-demand dog sitting business, and propelling the company forward are graduates from the Vanderbilt University Owen Graduate School of Management. Led by Brent Turner, MBA’99, Rover’s chief operating officer, Owen alumni are shaping Rover’s culture on the fly as the company grows at breakneck speeds.

    Rover works like this: Dog owners set up a profile for themselves and their pet on either the Rover website or the mobile app. When they need someone to watch or walk their pooch, they search for available sitters in their area who can either drop in for a quick visit, take the dog for a walk, or watch the pet overnight in either the owner’s house or at the sitter’s house. Sitters can send updates to the owners throughout the stay, including text messages and pictures, or report any incidents to Rover’s support team. After the stay, sitters and owners give each other starred ratings and can provide further feedback.

    Anyone can sign up to be a sitter or dog walker for Rover, but Rover requires background checks, screens potential candidates for red flags, and spends a lot of time educating sitters on how to be successful while pet-sitting. Sitters set their prices, preferences and availability. Anyone familiar with online dating services will quickly recognize Rover’s user interface; it’s a matchmaking service, but for dogs and caregivers.

    Pet pictures abound at Rover’s Seattle headquarters. Photo Credit: Brett Israel

    Since its founding in 2011, Rover has become the largest marketplace in the U.S. for pet-sitting services, with over 65,000 registered sitters. It has raised $90 million in total venture funding after closing an investment round in October that was co-led by Foundry Group and Menlo Ventures, whose other investments include Uber, Siri and Roku.

    Rover has also been shaped by Vanderbilt grads, with Turner leading the way as COO. His job is to make sure Rover pursues its annual plan. On any given day, he attends to the business rhythms of Rover, checking in on the company’s teams, which include sitter success, marketing and operations among others. The Rover annual plan is broken down into a set of key performance metrics that departments and individuals are trying to hit. Turner can quickly see who is ahead and who needs help. He then turns his attention to pursuing his own projects in support of people on his team or his boss, Rover’s CEO.

    Rover is a five-year-old company, and Turner has been COO for the last three, during which time Rover has made a name for itself on the tech scene. The company has experienced greater than or equal to 200 percent growth in revenue every year that Turner has been COO. “It’s the first legitimately hypergrowth business that I’ve been a part of,” Turner says. “With past businesses, my role had been to get everyone aligned in the right direction to push the company uphill. At Rover, it’s more like holding on for dear life and trying not to let anything come apart.” He’s focused on looking at the demands of Rover’s steep growth curve and identifying potential hurdles.

    “Between March 1 and the end of July in 2016, our business doubled,” Turner says. “When you’re looking up at the start of March and you say our company will be twice the size in terms in terms of revenues at end of July, you have to start thinking about what we need to work on now to meet those scale challenges.”

    At the moment, Turner is focused specifically on the marketing challenges facing the company. For example, most tech companies rely on the power of search engines to drive customers to their platforms. The problem for Rover is that not many people actually search the internet for dog sitters; they’re more likely to call a friend, neighbor or nearby kennel. So, instead of search engine advertising, Rover relies on mid-funnel or up-funnel channels, such as their blog, Facebook videos, TV and other local ads. That leads to many channels, so Turner is trying to tackle the complexity of this kind of marketing approach as the company grows.

    “You hear a lot of people talk about not boiling the ocean, meaning you can’t work on all of your problems at once,” Turner says. “But when you’re growing so fast and all your known problems are going from immaterial to material so fast, and in the meantime unknown problems are coming out of the woodwork, you have to boil the ocean.”

    The first person Turner hired to help him chart Rover’s course and define its values was fellow Vanderbilt grad Megan Teepe, MBA’11. Today she’s Rover’s vice president of sitter success and safety, charged with building out Rover’s junior and midlevel leaders. That means helping them develop the skills that will help Rover scale up by staying focused on performance and outcomes—and helping these leaders maintain their humanity at the same time.

    At Rover, Teepe tries to identify with a strong set of soft skills that are harder to measure on paper. She’s looking for aptitude. “One of the most important things I’ve learned is how important it is to get the right people in the right roles from the beginning, and to learn your lessons quickly if you didn’t,” Teepe says.

    “At Rover, if I’m hiring you for a leadership role where you’re going to be managing people, I want to know if you live and breathe leadership,” Teepe says. “I see that in the way you talk about why you want to lead people. Can you articulate that or is it just something you think you need to do to build your career? I’m eagle-eyed about that.”

    And more Vanderbilt MBA talent may be on the way to help Rover grow.

    This past summer, Sarah Eaton, MBA Class of 2017 and Owen’s student government president, interned at Rover, helping shape the educational aspects of the company’s sitter success program. She was charged with developing videos for social media that help explain to sitters what to do in in potentially sticky situations that arise during dog sitting. Hiring the right people is so important at fast-growing Rover that the company has painted its core values on a wall in the office. One of Turner’s most important values is a ban on personal agendas in the workplace. Pathological honesty and bias toward action are others.

    “Errors of inaction are always unacceptable,” Turner says. “If you’re trying to solve a problem and you make a mistake, that’s OK, but don’t be intimidated by failure. If you don’t screw up something every month, I’m going to wonder if you’re trying hard enough.”

    Owen student Sarah Eaton poses with a pooch during her summer internship at Rover. Photo Credit: Brett Israel

    These values are especially important to Turner in his role as COO. He’s talked about them during a recent Taco Tuesday series held at Rover where a different employee presents to the team on a topic of their choosing. His main responsibility, after all, is to keep Rover plowing ahead without losing the characteristics that helped the company achieve success in the first place.

    “Defining and living our values is important to me because Job No. 1 is to get the right people in the right roles,” Turner says. “We’re doing that here at Rover.”

    In the next five years, Turner thinks $1 billion in revenue across the platform is realistic, along with a multinational presence and a rollout of other services. “When I got here almost three years ago, the idea that Rover would have revenue of $200 million across the platform seemed like it would be so amazing,” Turner says. “Now, we’ll roll right through that, and who knows where the top is?”

  • Intellectual capital

    Intellectual capital

    As members of one of the nation’s top research universities, Owen faculty always have something interesting on their minds. Here’s a portion of what two faculty members are currently considering.

    Jennifer Escalas

    Who: Jennifer Escalas, associate professor of marketing.

    Escalas came to Vanderbilt in 2004 after eight years as a professor at the University of Arizona. She earned two undergraduate degrees at UCLA, one in Spanish and linguistics and the other in economics. She stayed at UCLA for business school, earning her MBA from the Anderson School of Management. Before starting her journey in academia, Escalas was an assistant vice president at Union Bank in Los Angeles.

    20160114JR031_ALTERED.M_fmtEscalas’ research focuses on how consumers process narratives in advertising. Super Bowl ads are an example of brands using storytelling to evoke an emotional response in viewers. And for that reason, the media regularly calls Escalas for critiques of Super Bowl ads, as well as other buzzworthy TV commercials. She has published her marketing research in top academic journals and has served on many journals’ editorial and review boards. Escalas is also the director of Vanderbilt’s eLab, an academic research center dedicated to the study of human behavior, particularly in online environments.

    The power of storytelling is not something that Escalas just thinks about as an academic. She’s also an entrepreneur, where she applies the power of storytelling to Agon Sport, a competitive swimwear company she owns with her husband, a former Olympic swimmer.

     

    What she’s researching:

    Escalas is interested in how storytelling is used in online reviews of products or services by consumers. She examined online reviews on Trip Advisor, a popular website where travel reviews from the public can make or break businesses in the hospitality industry. Escalas hypothesized that a Trip Advisor review will be more compelling if it tells a good story. The idea is that the reader of the review will get lost in the story, called “narrative transportation” in the marketing world, and that can lead to an attitude change in the person reading the review, according to previous research on the subject.

    “In reading a review of a trip to Las Vegas, you would perceive the trip as being better or more entertaining— and, therefore, a good vacation for you—if you were transported into the story,” Escalas says.

    Escalas’ team pulled more than 1,000 Trip Advisor reviews of experiences in Las Vegas. First, they measured the helpfulness votes on the reviews, which is a reader’s way of giving a review a thumbs up. These helpfulness votes served as a proxy for narrative transportation. Then her team picked apart the reviews, doing work in narratology, which is a marketing term for deconstructing narratives into their parts. Her research team looked for telltale signs of narrative storytelling such as characters, plot and genre.

    The preliminary results from the study suggest a positive correlation between telling a good story and helpfulness votes on Trip Advisor.

    “My advice to people is, when you’re writing a review, tell a good story if you want people to take you seriously,” Escalas says.

     

    Why it’s important:

    The results might seem obvious, but in a digital world where attention spans are short and brevity is often valued, this research has identified an area where people still have a desire for storytelling. As people grow weary of traditional advertising and seek out authentic reviews online when researching travel, brands should be increasingly aware of how they are perceived.

    “Most of my work is on advertising, but people trust these peer reviews so much more than they trust advertising,” Escalas says.

    Potential customers, whether hotel guests or casino gamblers, find good stories about a trip they are considering very helpful when making travel plans. Providers of travel services should know that a Trip Advisor review that tells a story about them could be the deciding factor in someone booking with them or not. Escalas also thinks the research would translate beyond just travel reviews.

    “Experiences like vacations are particularly well-suited for stories, but I think our research would apply to tangible products as well, because you can imagine the experience of using the product,” Escalas says.

     

    Nicolas Bollen

    Who: Nick Bollen, the Frank K. Houston Professor of Finance and an internationally recognized financial expert on hedge fund fraud.

    Bollen joined Vanderbilt in 2001 after taking what some may consider an unusual route to becoming a finance professor: He earned a degree in physics from Cornell University before getting his MBA from the Fuqua School of Business at Duke University. He then went on to earn a Ph.D. in finance at Duke.

    Since joining Owen’s finance group, Bollen has become a prolific researcher and was quickly awarded tenure and promoted to associate professor in spring 2005. He was the 2005 recipient of the school’s Research Productivity Award and has published more than 40 papers during his time here, including 15 papers in top finance journals. In 2009, he received the Owen Research Impact Award, and in 2010, he was promoted to full professor. Earlier this spring, Bollen was named the Frank K. Houston Chair in Finance.

    Bollen is also a leader of Vanderbilt’s Financial Markets Research Center, which hosts some of the financial world’s most respected thinkers during two conferences annually.

     

    What he’s researching:

    Lately, Bollen is interested in how the gender of financial advisers affects their financial advice. Behavioral finance is increasingly important due to the rise of defined contribution plans, which have displaced defined benefit plans. Individual investors are now forced to take more responsibility for their financial health than they have in the past. Trillions of dollars in capital is now invested in retirement plans that are ultimately under the control of individuals.

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    Bollen says when he teaches personal finance, he talks about gender differences in financial behavior that have roots in psychology. One study found that men tend to be more overconfident than women, and that has been shown to affect the financial decisions that men make. Other research shows that men, on average, are more risk-tolerant than women, which affects the composition of their investments. To understand more about how gender affects behavioral finance, Bollen decided to investigate whether gender affected how individuals give financial advice to their clients.

    Bollen sampled financial advisers and graduate students in business school. He asked them questions about the financial advice that they would give to hypothetical clients. He also asked them questions about the financial strategy they would choose for themselves.

    Among the students, many gender differences were apparent. Male subjects chose a riskier blend of investments for themselves compared to the female students. Male students, on average, recommended a riskier allocation to their hypothetical clients regardless of the gender of those clients. Neither male nor female students differed in their advice depending on the gender of the clients.

    Among professional financial advisers, those gender differences disappeared, but the recommended risk-level increased. Bollen’s study found no gender difference between the asset allocation risk that the advisers choose for themselves, and both genders chose a riskier allocation for themselves than the students chose.

    “The results suggest that a person who chooses to become a financial adviser is risk-tolerant, regardless of their gender,” Bollen says.

    The pros also did not differ in their advice depending on the gender of their clients.

    “It’s natural to think about gender differences given what we know about risk preferences, on average, of men versus women,” Bollen says. “But in the context of financial advice, it’s a red herring.”

     

    Why it’s important: Many of Bollen’s students work in financial management, so the study suggests they should understand that their own risk tolerance might differ from their clients. The research also tells investors something about the risk tolerance of the people that are doling out investment advice.

    “Finance appears to be a profession that doesn’t appeal to risk-averse people,” Bollen says. “Our research shows a projection effect, where financial advisers project their risk tolerance onto their clients.”

    This implies that financial services firms need to do a better job understanding the preferences of their clients, Bollen says. ■

  • American Business 101

    American Business 101

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    Vanderbilt’s crash course in American business and culture helps international students, such as Ngoc (Angie) Nguyen, from Vietnam, feel right at home and ready to thrive.

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    By Brett Israel

    Downtown at the Wildhorse

    Two weeks before their American classmates arrived at Vanderbilt, a bus full of incoming students from China, Mexico, India, Peru, Vietnam, Germany and several other countries pulled up to the curb on Second Avenue in downtown Nashville. The students nervously stepped off the bus and then through swinging doors to the world famous Wildhorse Saloon.

    The Wildhorse is a honky-tonk. A big honky-tonk. It’s loud and rowdy and where Nashville goes to line dance. Two-step in the wrong direction on this dance floor and a southerner might not be so hospitable. So naturally, the Wildhorse is where this new class of international students at the Owen Graduate School of Management began their Music City MBA. They were here to get a world-class education in Nashville’s country music culture.

    The Wildhorse Saloon outing was more than just beer and dancing; the honky-tonk was a classroom. For international students to succeed in an American business school—and in American business—a crash course in culture is a prerequisite, especially in a city with a culture as unique as Nashville’s.

    The students walked onto the dance floor of the Wildhorse as 27 individuals. By the time they left, they had not only learned to dance the okie doke together without knocking each other down, but they had bonded as a class, high-fiving and hugging after each song. By the end of the three-week program known as U.S. Business Communication and Culture (a.k.a USBCC)—weeks filled with baseball and bowling and learning how to thrive in a U.S. business school and how to network like an American—they were primed for whatever business school, Nashville and life in the United States of America could throw their way.

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    Amit Sharma (MBA’17, Operations), from Jaipur, India, was a senior software engineer at Samsung before coming to Vanderbilt. Credit: Daniel DuBois/Vanderbilt

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    No hiding allowed

    Business education at Vanderbilt is team-oriented. Students can’t hide in lecture halls here, so Owen staff makes sure that incoming international students are ready to contribute ideas and solve problems with their American teammates. Many of the incoming international students are quick to note that the USBCC program was a big selling point. Other schools may offer a similar program, but they can’t match Nashville’s culture. [Learn more about international student life at Vanderbilt and Nashville]

    After the USBCC program, Amit Sharma, from Jaipur, India, says he was ready to break out of the comfort zone of his fellow international students and network like an American.

    “With USBCC, I bonded earlier with my peer group,” Sharma says. “If I would have come at the same time as the Americans, there might have been some isolation or pressure from just jumping in with this big group.”

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    Daniel Haase (MBA’17, Finance), from Frankfurt, Germany, was a financial account for Julius Berger before coming to VanderbiltCredit: Daniel DuBois/Vanderbilt

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    Participatory learning

    When Daniel Haase arrived in Nashville from Frankfurt, Germany, his first helping of southern hospitality came when he rode an MTA bus.

    “What I like is that when you ride the bus, everyone thanks the driver when they get off the bus,” Haase says. “It’s pretty cool.”

    Arriving in Nashville before his American classmates helped him acclimate to the culture and get comfortable with his new city before the deluge of course work hit.

    “I learned how to interact in class, how to react when a professor calls on you and things like that,” Haase says. “We don’t have that in Germany at all. In business classes there, you sometimes have 500 people in the classroom. Everyone just sits there for four hours, the professor talks, and then you go home. It’s nothing like that at Owen.”

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    USBCC classmates bonding over beers at the wildhorse saloon. Left to right: Ankur Jain, Rahul Vellaichamy, Winston, Ling, Amit Sharma, Harkirat Sareen. Credit: Brett Israel/Vanderbilt

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    The food’s not bad either

    Sharma, who wants to be a product manager at a company like Google, loved his USBCC classes and the opportunity to practice case competitions.

    “The classes were awesome. Giving presentations and doing case studies, that is totally different than back in India,” Sharma says. “I’m not a big fan of public speaking, but my instructor gave me very good pointers, like how to not appear that you are nervous even if you are, and how to take pauses and all those things. It was wonderful.

    “I never expected people to be this nice,” Sharma says. “And I never expected that I would find good Indian restaurants here. I recently went to Woodlands, and I felt like I was at home.”

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    Ngoc (Angie) Nguyen (MBA’17, Operations) from Haiduong, Vietnam, was an internal control executive at Vietnamobile before coming to VanderbiltCredit: Daniel DuBois/Vanderbilt

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    Language lessons

    Ngoc Nguyen, known to her classmates as Angie, had never been to the United States before arriving at Vanderbilt. In fact, she had never left Vietnam. She arrived in Nashville for her American adventure on July 11, four days before the USBCC program began. For Angie, the program was a chance to work out the kinks in her English before needing to speak in front of a packed classroom.

    “My English was not good at first,” Nguyen says. “The first day I came to the U.S., I thought everybody would understand me. But after a few days, I talked to some friends and I asked them, ‘Do you understand what I’m saying?’ They said that they were trying but they couldn’t catch the point I was trying to convey.

    “With USBCC we had English class every morning, and that really helped me a lot to improve my pronunciation, improve my confidence in presentation and get information about U.S. culture.”

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    The USBCC students and staff at a Nashville Sounds baseball game, a first for many students.

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    Winners of the USBCC case competition won a dinner with Dean Johnson (middle, left) and other Owen School staff.

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  • Intellectual Capital

    Intellectual Capital

    As members of one of the nation’s top research universities, Owen faculty always have something interesting on their minds. Here’s a portion of what two faculty members are currently considering.

    Richard Willis

    IntCapWillis166x422Who: Richard Willis, the Anne Marie and Thomas B. Walker Jr. Professor of Accounting. The West Texas native joined the Owen faculty in 2006. Willis earned his MBA from the Fuqua School of Business at Duke University in 1992 and his Ph.D. from the University of Chicago in 1998. He was an associate professor of accounting at the Freeman School of Business at Tulane University before coming to Vanderbilt. He has also held teaching positions at the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University and the Fuqua School, where he was awarded the Daimler-Chrysler Award for excellence in teaching.

    Prior to his academic career, Willis was a marketing research analyst for Warner-Lambert Company (later acquired by Johnson & Johnson), where he worked on many popular oral care brands, and at E. & J. Gallo Winery, where he helped launch the Bartles & Jaymes wine cooler.

    What he’s researching: Willis has extensive experience in accounting and financial reporting and a distinguished body of scholarly research in premier accounting and finance journals. Willis conducts what’s known as empirical financial accounting research. That means he studies questions that are addressable through data that’s either present in financial statements or disclosed by security analysts. Vanderbilt has a group of faculty working in this area, which is one of the reasons that Willis was attracted to Owen.

    Lately, Willis has become more politically minded. Willis and colleagues are currently studying elections in more than 30 countries to see how companies alter their tax strategy in response to political uncertainty. They are examining how companies around the globe avoid paying taxes in anticipation of upcoming national elections.

    Their hypothesis is that in the face of political uncertainty, companies may respond to that uncertainty by avoiding taxes to the fullest extent possible. The research team defines political uncertainty as general uncertainty about upcoming government and regulatory policies that might be altered as a result of a change in an incumbent government. Preliminary research suggests that companies will hold on to more of their cash whenever possible until after the election, when the uncertainty is resolved.

    The way these companies behave in the run-up to an election is similar to how everyday consumers behave during an economic downturn. When the economy tanked in 2008, consumers were uncertain about their future finances, so they saved more cash because they weren’t sure what was going to happen.

    “When that anxiety about the future manifests itself, a natural response is to hold on to more cash because you don’t know what’s coming next,” Willis says.

    Why it’s important: It matters to companies. In this case, with political uncertainty as an example, if the tax rate was going to drop after the election, then a company would want to defer paying taxes today—to the fullest extent possible—in expectation that they could pay lower taxes in the future after the tax rate was decreased.

    Companies look to avoid paying taxes through various tax deference strategies, such as tax shelters in offshore countries. In another scenario, if a company is running money through that tax shelter today, but expects that laws might soon change to make tax shelters illegal in that country, then the company might try to maximize the use of the shelter today.

    The U.S. corporate tax rate is the highest corporate tax rate in the world, so American companies are desperate to lower their tax burden and will try various strategies to do so. Understanding how companies are responding to global political uncertainty through their tax deference strategy could help economists better predict future responses to elections.


    Nicholas Crain

    Who: Assistant Professor of Finance Nicholas Crain came to Vanderbilt in 2013 after earning his Ph.D. in finance from the McCombs School of Business at the University of Texas at Austin. His dissertation examined the effect of career concerns on the pattern of investments selected by venture capital fund managers. He was also awarded runner-up in the 2012 Coller Ph.D. prize given by the London Business School for the best paper relating to private equity and/or venture capital fields. Prior to graduate school, Crain served as associate professor of naval science at the University of Idaho and as a division officer in the U.S. Navy aboard the USS Augusta, a nuclear-powered submarine.

    IntCapCain220x420What he’s researching: Crain’s research is about investment decisions and what affects performance in venture capital and private equity funds. To be a venture capitalist, he says, you have to raise new money periodically. Investors may commit capital, often between $30­‑$150 million, to be spent over five years. As this commitment winds down, you have to go out and raise more money, facing scrutiny on your past performance.

    According to Crain, this practice actually discourages risk taking. His research has shown that venture capital companies want to hit singles and doubles before trying to hit home runs. Convince investors that you have talent, he says, then start swinging for the fences. That’s the pattern seen in Crain’s data. Early investments for venture capitalists tend to have a lower variance in outcomes than later investments. The venture capitalists who do poorly with initial investments tend to keep making safer bets. Those who appear certain to raise new money are the ones who make risky investments with higher reward potential.

    Lately, Crain is interested in how newly available data will affect private equity in venture capital. Progress in quantitative analysis in the private equity and venture capital field has been slow because it is difficult to get data on these private transactions. That’s starting to change. Just in the last few years, the data that’s accessible to researchers has improved and now it is at the point where Crain can use it in his research. Soon, the data will be at the point where people in the venture capital industry can use it to help make decisions about their investments. Why is the investment data from venture capital and private equity firms more accessible now? More demand and improved technology, Crain says. Several companies are collecting the data and have invested the money needed to do a good job of assembling a clean database. The alternative asset industry has grown large enough for that investment to make sense.

    Why it’s important:  Better and more accessible data could lead to better insights into how investment performance is related to agency problems or corporate finance theory, which Crain studies. Practitioners will be able to get better insight into how well a fund manager performs.

    “Looking at their fund level returns, it’s hard to discern whether they’re awfully good or awfully lucky,” Crain says.

    Being able to see a little bit more about their performance on a granular level will reveal, for example, if a successful fund return came from one home run investment or a series of consistently successful investments. Such an analysis would lead to a systemic benchmarking across firms.

    “With the demand for venture capital transparency, along with the information technology’s ability to gather data easier, we will see improved benchmarking start to show up and be the basis for a lot of really interesting research sooner rather than later,” Crain says.